第1352期:法不禁止即可为 vs 法无授权不可为 |
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听身边的律师朋友常说“法不禁止即可为”,后面那句很少有人说。今天我们随便聊聊,只谈语言。 这两句话是英美法系(common law)国家献法的基础原则之一。 1. 法不禁止即可为 – Everything which is not forbidden is allowed. 字面意思是:any action can be taken unless there is a law against it. The idea is that in liberal democracies people are inherently free to do anything, so long as it is not expressly prohibited by law. 这句话说的是公民——只要法律不禁止,公民就天然有做一切事的自由。 参照美国独立宣言的开篇第一句: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. 2. 法无授权不可为/法无许可即禁止 – Everything which is not allowed is forbidden. 字面意思是:an action can only be taken if it is specifically allowed. The idea is the governments can only do the things specifically allowed by the law. 这句话说的是ZF——只能做法律明文许可的事。 英国上诉法院法官 Sir John Laws把这个原则总结如下: “For the individual citizen, everything which is not forbidden is allowed; but for public bodies, and notably government, everything which is not allowed is forbidden.” – Sir John Laws (Lord Justice of Appeal,英国上诉法院常任法官) *这位法官姓Laws,绝了。 这句话很出名,尤其前半句。 后来英国人用这句话来揶揄古板的德国人是: everything which is not allowed is forbidden 说散漫的法国人是: everything is allowed even if it is forbidden 以上随便聊聊,不必想太多,中医认为多思伤脾。 Related posts: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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